钱钟书杨绛印象记******
邓国治
说真的,那天跟着朋友去南沙沟,我的目的很明确,就是想采访一下钱钟书、杨绛夫妇。没想到,才得进门,钱老便先申明:“你们作为朋友来访,我这里当然欢迎;若是为的新闻采访,那么,恕不接待。”
我只好换掉了身份,从记者变成读者。其实,首先还是读者,正是读了二老的著作,才产生了想采访的愿望。
正好杨绛也在家。读过她的《干校六记》,脑子里先有了一个爽朗、幽默的印象,待得见面,却是位恬静、温柔的女学者。几十年风尘仆仆,她依然还是当年东吴大学文学院女生那种南国闺秀形象。钱老把我们介绍给老伴,随即笑说:“一听说记者,我先是吓一跳。后见他们来意甚善,这才没有用‘太极拳’的方式……”“太极拳”者,是指拳中的“推”式——拒而不纳也。
钱老说:“我不愿意宣传。我今年70多岁了,我只想抓紧时间,多做一点事。宣传,只能给我帮倒忙。《围城》出版后,报纸上一登,就平添了那么多来访的、来信的,向我要书……”
《围城》从1947年上海初版后,接着两年又印了两版,此后暌违30载,直到1980年才出了新的一版,印数13万册,几乎未出月就销光;新二版已于不久前印出。除了国内出版的,和香港有它的“盗印”本外,译成外文的,便有英、俄、日、德等国文字。《围城》影响可谓大矣。
杨绛抗战时期写过剧本,建国以后翻译过多种文字的外国文学名著,著名的《唐•吉诃德》、《吉尔•布拉斯》等都是她翻译的。近年来,开始转向写小说、散文,她诙谐地说:“这两年,眼睛花了,懒得看小字、查字典,所以就自己写点即兴文字——我这也是个偷懒的办法吧,实际上是不务正业!”——她在外国文学研究所工作。
这一“不务正业”,使我们看到了杨绛的许多新作。《干校六记》由三联书店出版了,人民文学出版社还将出版《杨绛小说散文选》。她的文字,情真意真,读来十分亲切;而那幽默诙谐的风格,又让人想到她所有翻译过的塞万提斯、勒萨日等人的文章。尽管钱老在他为《干校六记》所作的小引里说到“《浮生六记》——一部我很不喜欢的书。”《干校六记》还是让人想到了《浮生六记》,也想到了《项脊轩志》、《泷冈阡表》一类古代散文中的名篇。尽管时代不同,内容各别,但一个“真”字却是共同的,也是最能揪动人心的。看似身边琐事,细小,甚至是絮絮道来,但由于这一“真”字,就使你不但不觉琐细无聊,反而像置身其中,与主人翁共同欢乐,共同叹息,共同着急。我喜欢杨绛的文章,我想,最最主要的便在这个“真”字上。
“文如其人”,钱老夫妇待人接物,也同他们的文字一样——如果能够这么类比的话。虽是初次见面,但不大功夫,二老就同我们谈得很坦率,很真诚。听说我喜欢书画,还一次次地从书柜里取出外国朋友赠送的外文版中国画册,不厌其烦地一页页翻给我看,讲给我听。杨绛已逾古稀,比我年长整整一倍,而她对我们说话,就像同朋友一样,真切而随便,使你立刻摆脱了拘束。钱老也如是,说起近年来杂务缠身,以至有些读者来信顾不得细细作答时,他回身从书桌上翻出一封来信,指点着给我们看:“这是一个20年前就来过信的读者。喏,你们看,他这里还责备我,为什么20年前你的回信那样热情洋溢,现在却做不到了。他说这很让他失望……”
其实,这是错怪了钱老。人的精力、时间毕竟有限,且不说经过这20年下来钱老的身体不用秘书、助手,而近年来会议、头衔的有增无减,又要占去他大量有用的时间。钱老给我们看了一大堆各色各样的请柬,什么“吴敬梓研究会”、“水浒研究会”,还有许多的会议通知……他说:“现在我什么‘会’也不想参加,我只是想尽量多做一点工作,写一点东西。国外有好几处邀我去的,我也不想去,都婉谢了……”面对这几年来盛行的出洋“考察”风,和争头衔、排名次等等一系列的讲究,我感到,面前的这位老人是如此可敬!
而钱老治学广博与严谨,也的确令人肃然起敬!他是1937年英国牛津大学的副博士,精通多门外语——他只是自谦地说:“那时要考学位,除主攻一门外文外,还必须兼通两门外语。”意思这不过是环境使然罢了。而其实,精通外语到能写作的程度,这可不是一般的功夫就可达到的。尤为难得的是,他同时还精熟中国文学,包括深奥到诘屈聱牙的一些古代文史哲著作。中华书局出版的四部头的《管锥编》,就是他对《周易正义》、《毛诗正义》、《史记会注考证》、《老子王弼注》、《列子张湛注》等十多部历代有关著作与西洋文学哲学著作进行比较后的一些札记,里面有不少新的见解和有趣的比较。这里,十余部中国古代史专著与英、德、法、意、拉丁文5种外语的引文,不论是纵是横,都可以当得上洋洋大观的了。
而钱钟书先生,除了融汇古今,博通中外,他还写得一手好书法,有深厚的艺术修养。杨绛,则与其说是贤内助,不如说首先是同志,是志同道合的伴侣。
因为是“印象”,因为钱、杨二老的反对采访而使我在交谈中没有作一言半语的记载,所以,我只是想到哪里,写到哪里,也不一定说清了些什么,有些事实也未经核实。而且,最根本的还在于未曾征得二老的同意。但,心里有些印象,不写总觉得不舒坦——这也是文人的一种劣根性吧。姑存于此,且待骂声。
(1982年7月)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |